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The Blue Angels, https://pilotgamzix.com/ formally named the U.S. Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron, are a flight demonstration squadron of the United States Navy.[1] Formed in 1946, the unit is the second oldest formal aerobatic group on the earth, after the French Patrouille de France formed in 1931. The team, composed of six Navy and one Marine Corps demonstration pilot, fly Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornets.

The Blue Angels sometimes perform aerial shows in at least 60 exhibits annually at 30 areas throughout the United States and two reveals at one location in Canada.[2] The "Blues" nonetheless make use of a lot of the same practices and strategies used in the inaugural 1946 season. An estimated 11 million spectators view the squadron throughout air reveals from March via November each year. Members of the Blue Angels crew also visit more than 50,000 individuals in schools, hospitals, and group features at air show cities.[3] Since 1946, the Blue Angels have flown for greater than 505 million spectators.[4]

As of November 2011[replace], the Blue Angels acquired $37 million yearly from the annual Department of Defense funds.[5][6]

Mission[edit]

The mission of the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron is to showcase the delight and professionalism of the United States Navy and Marine Corps by inspiring a culture of excellence and service to the nation through flight demonstrations and group outreach.[7]

Air shows[edit]

The "Blues" carry out at each army and non-military airfields, and sometimes at main U.S. cities and capitals; also areas in Canada are often included in the air present schedule.

During their aerobatic demonstration, the six-member group flies F/A-18 Hornets,[8] break up into the diamond formation (Blue Angels 1 through 4) and the Lead and Opposing Solos (Blue Angels 5 and 6). A lot of the present alternates between maneuvers performed by the Diamond Formation and those performed by the Solos. The Diamond, in tight formation and usually at lower speeds (400 mph), performs maneuvers reminiscent of formation loops, rolls, and transitions from one formation to a different. The Solos showcase the excessive efficiency capabilities of their individual aircraft through the execution of excessive-speed passes, slow passes, fast rolls, sluggish rolls, and very tight turns. The best velocity flown throughout an air show is seven-hundred mph (slightly below Mach 1) and the bottom pace, is 126 mph (one hundred ten knots) throughout Section High Alpha with the brand new Super Hornet (about 115 knots with the old "Legacy" Hornet). A few of the maneuvers embody each solo aircraft performing without delay, similar to opposing passes (towards each other in what appears to be a collision course) and mirror formations (again-to-back, belly-to-stomach, or wingtip-to-wingtip, with one jet flying inverted). The Solos be part of the Diamond Formation close to the end of the show for a variety of maneuvers within the Delta Formation.

The parameters of each show should be tailor-made in accordance with local weather circumstances at showtime: in clear weather the excessive present is performed; in overcast situations a low present is performed, and in limited visibility (weather permitting) the flat show is introduced. The high show requires at the very least an 8,000-foot (2,four hundred m) ceiling and visibility of not less than three nautical miles (6 km) from the present's center level. The minimal ceilings allowed for low and flat reveals are 4,500 ft, and 1,500 toes respectively.[9]

Aircraft[edit]

The team flew the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet for 34 years from 1986 by 2020. The group at the moment flies the Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet.

In August 2018, Boeing was awarded a contract to convert 9 single-seat F/A-18E Super Hornets and two F/A-18F two-seaters for Blue Angels use. Modifications to every F/A-18E/F include removing of the weapons and substitute with a tank that contains smoke-oil utilized in demonstrations and outfitting the management keep on with a spring system for more exact aircraft control enter. Control sticks are tensioned with forty pounds (18 kg) of force to permit the pilot minimal room for non-commanded movement of the aircraft. Each modified F/A-18 remains in the fleet and might be returned to fight duty aboard an aircraft service inside 72 hours.[10] As transformed aircraft were delivered, they have been used for testing maneuvers beginning in mid 2020.[11][12] The team's Super Hornets turned operational by the start of 2021, their 75th anniversary yr.[13]

The show's narrator flies Blue Angels No. 7, a two-seat F/A-18F Hornet, to indicate sites. The Blues use these jets for backups, and to give demonstration rides to VIP (civilians). Usually, two back seats rides can be found at each air show; one goes to a member of the press, and the other to the "Key Influencer".[9] The No. 4 slot pilot typically flies the No. 7 aircraft in Friday's "apply" in order that pilots from the fleet and future workforce members can expertise the show.

In 2020 the United States Marine Corps Blue Angels purchased a surplus Royal Air Force Lockheed C-130J Super Hercules, Registration ZH885, nicknamed "Fat Albert", for his or her logistics, carrying spare parts, tools, and to hold help personnel between present re-registering as 170000.

Team members[edit]

As of the 2020 season[update], there have been 272 demonstration pilots in the Blue Angels since their inception.[14][15]

All crew members, each officer and enlisted, pilots and workers officers, come from the ranks of regular Navy and United States Marine Corps units. The demonstration pilots and narrator are made up of Navy and USMC Naval Aviators. Pilots serve two to a few years,[3] and place assignments are made in response to crew wants, pilot expertise ranges, and career considerations for members. Other officers in the squadron embody a naval flight officer who serves because the occasions coordinator, three USMC C-130 pilots, an government officer, a maintenance officer, a provide officer, a public affairs officer, an administrative officer, and a flight surgeon. Enlisted members vary from E-4 to E-9 and perform all upkeep, administrative, and help capabilities. They serve three to four years within the squadron.[3] After serving with the squadron, members return to fleet assignments.

The officer selection course of requires pilots and support officers (flight surgeon, events coordinator, upkeep officer, provide officer, and public affairs officer) wishing to grow to be Blue Angels to apply formally by way of their chain-of-command, with a personal assertion, letters of suggestion, and flight data. Navy and Marine Corps F/A-18 demonstration pilots and naval flight officers are required to have a minimal of 1,250 tactical jet hours and be provider-certified. Marine Corps C-130 demonstration pilots are required to have 1,200 flight hours and be an aircraft commander.[17]

Applicants "rush" the crew at a number of airshows, paid out of their very own finances, and sit in on group briefs, post-present actions, and social events. It's critical that new officers match the existing culture and team dynamics. The application and analysis course of runs from March by early July, culminating with intensive finalist interviews and workforce deliberations. Team members vote in secret on the subsequent year's officers. Selections should be unanimous. There have been female and minority staff officers as Blue Angel members,[18] together with minority Blue Angel pilot Lt. Andre Webb on the 2018 team. Flight surgeons serve a two-year time period. The flight surgeon supplies team medical companies, evaluates demonstration maneuvers from the bottom, and participates in each publish-flight debrief. The first feminine Blue Angel flight surgeon was Lt. Tamara Schnurr, who was a member of the 2001 staff.[19]

The Flight Leader (No. 1) is the commanding officer and at all times holds the rank of commander, and may be promoted to captain mid-tour if approved by the choice board. Pilots of numbers 2-7 are Navy lieutenant commanders or lieutenants, or Marine Corps majors or captains. The No. 7 pilot narrates for a yr, after which usually flies Opposing after which Lead Solo the next two years, respectively. The No. Three pilot strikes to the No. 4 (slot) place for his or her second yr. Blue Angel No. 4 serves as the demonstration security officer, due largely to the attitude they are afforded from the slot position inside the formation, in addition to their standing as a second-yr demonstration pilot. The first lady named to the Blue Angels as F/A-18 demonstration pilot was Lt. Amanda Lee, who's a member of the 2023 team.[20]

Commander Alexander P. Armatas is a local of Skaneateles, New York. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 2002 with a Bachelor of Science in aerospace engineering. Alexander joined the Blue Angels in August 2022. He has accumulated greater than 4,one hundred flight hours and 911 carrier-arrested landings. His decorations embrace the Meritorious Service Medal, four Strike/Flight Air Medals, five Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals, one Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal, and numerous personal, unit and repair awards. [21]

Training and weekly routine[edit]

Annual winter coaching takes place at NAF El Centro, California, the place new and returning pilots hone abilities discovered in the fleet. During winter training, the pilots fly two practice sessions per day, six days a week, to fly the a hundred and twenty training missions needed to perform the demonstration safely. The separation between the formation of aircraft and their maneuver altitude is progressively lowered over the course of about two months in January and February. The group then returns to their house base in Pensacola, Florida, in March, and continues to follow all through the present season. Despite all their winter training, the Blue Angels staff work effortlessly to make an affect within the communities they go to as properly. A typical week in the course of the season has practices at NAS Pensacola on Tuesday and Wednesday mornings. The staff then flies to its show venue for the upcoming weekend on Thursday, conducting "circle and arrival" orientation maneuvers upon arrival. The workforce flies a "practice" airshow at the show site on Friday. This present is attended by invited company however is usually open to most of the people. The principle airshows are carried out on Saturdays and Sundays, with the group returning house to NAS Pensacola on Sunday evenings after the present. Monday is an off day for the Blues' demonstration pilots and street crew. Extensive aircraft upkeep is carried out on Sunday night and Monday by maintenance team members.

Pilots maneuver the flight follow their right hand and operate the throttle with their left. They don't put on G-suits as a result of the air bladders inside repeatedly deflate and inflate, increasing the danger of unintentional movement. To compensate for the lack of G-suits, Blue Angel pilots have developed a method for tensing their muscles to stop blood from pooling of their decrease extremities, presumably rendering them unconscious.[22]

History[edit]

Overview[edit]

The Blue Angels were originally formed in April 1946 because the Navy Flight Exhibition Team.[23] They modified their title to the Blue Angels after seeing an commercial for the brand new York nightclub The Blue Angel, additionally recognized as the Blue Angel Supper Club, in the brand new Yorker Magazine.[24][25] The team was first launched as the Blue Angels throughout an air show in July 1946.[26]

The primary Blue Angels demonstration aircraft wore navy blue (almost black) with gold lettering. The current shades of blue and yellow have been adopted when the first demonstration aircraft were transitioned from the Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat to the Grumman F8F-1 Bearcat in August 1946; the aircraft wore an all-yellow scheme with blue markings during the 1949 show season.[27]

The unique Blue Angels insignia or crest was designed in 1949, by Lt. Commander Raleigh "Dusty" Rhodes, their third Flight Leader and first jet fighter leader. The aircraft silhouettes change because the staff changes aircraft.[1]

The Blue Angels transitioned from propeller-pushed aircraft to blue and gold jet aircraft (Grumman F9F-2B Panther) in August 1949.[28]

The Blue Angels demonstration teams started sporting leather jackets and special colored flight suits with the Blue Angels insignia, in 1952. In 1953, they started sporting gold colored flight fits for the primary show of the season and or to commemorate milestones for the flight demonstration squadron.[29][30][31][32]

The Navy Flight Exhibition Team was reorganized and commissioned the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron on 10 December 1973.[33]

1946-1949[edit]

The Blue Angels had been established as a Navy flight exhibition group on 24 April 1946 by order of Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Chester Nimitz to generate larger public help of naval aviation. To boost Navy morale, show naval air energy, and maintain public curiosity in naval aviation, an underlying mission was to help the Navy generate public and political support for a bigger allocation of the shrinking protection price range. Rear Admiral Ralph Davison personally selected Lieutenant Commander Roy Marlin "Butch" Voris, a World War II fighter ace, to assemble and practice a flight demonstration crew, naming him Officer-in-Charge and Flight Leader. Voris selected three fellow instructors to affix him (Lt. Maurice "Wick" Wickendoll, Lt. Mel Cassidy, and Lt. Cmdr. Lloyd Barnard, veterans of the War in the Pacific), they usually spent numerous hours creating the show. The group perfected its preliminary maneuvers in secret over the Florida Everglades so that, in Voris' words, "if something happened, simply the alligators would know". The first four pilots and people after them, were and are a few of the most effective and most experienced aviators in the Navy.[34]

The team's first demonstration with Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat aircraft befell before Navy officials on 10 May 1946 and was met with enthusiastic approval. The United States Navy’s Blue Angels performed their first air show at what is now JaxEx (previously Craig Municipal Airport, one in every of 6 airports within the Jacksonville, FL area developed for military training), on June 15, 1946. [35]The exhibition team flew three Gruman F6F Hellcat Fighter planes. (a fourth F6F-5 was held in reserve). On 15 June, Voris led the three Hellcats (numbered 1-3), specifically modified to cut back weight and painted sea blue with gold leaf trim, through their inaugural 15-minute-lengthy efficiency.[1] The staff employed a North American SNJ Texan, painted and configured to simulate a Japanese Zero, to simulate aerial combat. This aircraft was later painted yellow and dubbed the "Beetle Bomb". This aircraft is alleged to have been inspired by one of many Spike Jones' Murdering the Classics collection of musical satires, set to the tune (partly) of the William Tell Overture as a thoroughbred horse race scene, with "Beetle Bomb" being the "trailing horse" in the lyrics.

The team thrilled spectators with low-flying maneuvers performed in tight formations, and (in line with Voris) by "maintaining something in entrance of the crowds always. My goal was to beat the Army Air Corps. If we did that, we might get all the opposite side points. I felt that if we weren't the best, it can be my naval profession." The Blue Angels' first public demonstration additionally netted the crew its first trophy, which sits on show at the team's present house at NAS Pensacola. During an air show at Omaha, Nebraska on 19-21 July 1946, the Navy Flight Exhibition Team was launched as the Blue Angels.[36] The identify had originated by a suggestion by Right Wing Pilot Lt. Maurice "Wick" Wickendoll, after he had learn in regards to the Blue Angel nightclub in The new Yorker magazine. After ten appearances with the Hellcats, the Hellcats were changed by the lighter, quicker, and extra powerful F8F-1 Bearcats on 25 August.[36] By the tip of the year the workforce consisted of 4 Bearcats numbered 1-4 on the tail sections.

In May 1947, flight leader Lt. Cmdr. Bob Clarke replaced Butch Voris because the leader of the staff. The crew with an extra fifth pilot, relocated to Naval Air Station (NAS) Corpus Christi, Texas. On 7 June at Birmingham, Alabama, 4 F8F-1 Bearcats (numbered 1-4) flew in diamond formation for the primary time which is now considered the Blue Angels' trademark. A fifth Bearcat was also added that year. A SNJ was used as a Japanese Zero for dogfights with the Bearcats in air exhibits.

In January 1948, Lt. Cmdr. Raleigh " Dusty" Rhodes took command of the Blue Angels staff which was flying 4 Bearcats and a yellow painted SNJ with USN markings dubbed "Beetle Bomb"; the SNJ represented a Japanese Zero for the air present dogfights with the Bearcats. The name "Blue Angels" also was painted on the Bearcats.[37]

In 1949, the workforce acquired a Douglas R4D Skytrain for logistics to and from present sites. The team's SNJ was also changed by one other Bearcat, painted yellow for the air combat routine, inheriting the "Beetle Bomb" nickname. In May, the team went to the west coast on momentary obligation so the pilots and the rest of the team could turn out to be conversant in jet aircraft.[34] On thirteen July, the crew acquired, and began flying the straight-wing Grumman F9F-2B Panther between demonstration shows.[38] On 20 August, the crew debuted the panther jets below Team Leader Lt. Commander Raleigh "Dusty" Rhodes[36] throughout an air show at Beaumont, Texas and added a sixth pilot.[39][40] The F8F-1 "Beetle Bomb" was relegated to solo aerobatics before the main show, until it crashed on takeoff at a training show in Pensacola on 24 April 1950, killing "Blues" pilot Lt. Robert Longworth. Team headquarters shifted from NAS Corpus Christi, Texas, to NAAS Whiting Field, Florida, on 10 September 1949, announced 14 July 1949.[41]

1950-1959[edit]

The Blue Angels pilots continued to carry out nationwide in 1950. On 25 June, the Korean War began, and all Blue Angels pilots[42] volunteered for combat duty. The squadron (due to a shortage of pilots, and no accessible planes) and its members had been ordered to "fight-ready standing" after an exhibition at Naval Air Station, Dallas, Texas on 30 July.[34] The Blue Angels had been disbanded,[36] and its pilots had been reassigned to a service. Once aboard the aircraft carrier USS Princeton on 9 November, the group formed the core of Fighter Squadron 191 (VF-19), "Satan's Kittens", below the command of World War II fighter ace and 1950 Blue Angels Commander/Flight Leader, Lt. Commander John Magda; he was killed in action on eight March 1951.[43]

On 25 October 1951, the Blues were ordered to re-activate as a flight demonstration workforce, and reported to NAS Corpus Christi, Texas. Lt. Cdr. Voris was once more tasked with assembling the group (he was the first of solely two commanding officers to steer them twice). In May 1952, the Blue Angels started performing again with F9F-5 Panthers[44] at an airshow in Memphis, Tennessee.[34] In 1953, the crew traded its Sky Train for a Curtiss R5C Commando. In August, "Blues" chief LCDR Ray Hawkins turned the first naval aviator to outlive an ejection at supersonic speeds when a new F9F-6 he was piloting turned uncontrollable on a cross-nation flight.[45][46][47] After summer time, the staff started demonstrating with F9F-6 Cougar.

In 1954, the primary Marine Corps pilot, Captain Chuck Hiett, joined the Navy flight demonstration workforce.[48] The Blue Angels additionally acquired particular coloured flight suits.[36] In May, the Blue Angels performed at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C., with the Air Force Thunderbirds (activated 25 May 1953).[49] The Blue Angels started relocating to their current home at Naval Air Station (NAS) Pensacola, Florida that winter,[50] and it was right here they progressed to the swept-wing Grumman F9F-8 Cougar. In December, the team left its dwelling base for its first winter coaching facility at Naval Air Facility El Centro, California[51]

In September 1956, the workforce added a sixth aircraft to the flight demonstration in the Opposing Solo position,[52] and gave its first efficiency exterior the United States on the International Air Exposition in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It also upgraded its logistics aircraft to the Douglas R5D Skymaster.[53]

In 1957, the Blue Angels transitioned from the F9F-8 Cougar to the supersonic Grumman F11F-1 Tiger.[54] The primary demonstration was flying the quick-nosed model on 23 March, at Barin Field, Pensacola, after which the lengthy-nosed variations. The demonstration team (with added Angel 6) wore gold flight fits during the first air present that season.

In 1958, the first Six-Plane Delta Maneuvers had been added that season.[citation wanted]

1960-1969[edit]

In July 1964, the Blue Angels participated in the Aeronaves de Mexico Anniversary Air Show over Mexico City, Mexico, earlier than an estimated crowd of 1.5 million folks.

In 1965, the Blue Angels performed a Caribbean island tour, flying at 5 sites. Later that 12 months, they embarked on a European tour to a dozen sites, including the Paris Air Show, where they were the one staff to receive a standing ovation.

In 1967, the Blues toured Europe again, at six sites.

In 1968, the C-54 Skymaster transport aircraft was changed with a Lockheed VC-121J Constellation. The Blues transitioned to the two-seat McDonnell Douglas F-4J Phantom II in 1969, practically all the time protecting the back seat empty for flight demonstrations. The Phantom was the only plane to be flown by both the "Blues" and the United States Air Force Thunderbirds (the "Birds"). That yr additionally they upgraded to the Lockheed C-121 Super Constellation for logistics.

1970-1979[edit]

In 1970, the Blues obtained their first U.S. Marine Corps Lockheed KC-130F Hercules, manned by an all-Marine crew. That year, they went on their first South American tour.

In 1971, the group which wore the gold flight fits for the primary show,[55] conducted its first Far East Tour, performing at a dozen areas in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Guam, and the Philippines.

In 1972, the Blue Angels had been awarded the Navy's Meritorious Unit Commendation for the 2-12 months interval from 1 March 1970 to 31 December 1971. Another European tour followed in 1973, together with air shows in Iran, England, France, Spain, Turkey, Greece, and Italy.

On 10 December 1973, the Navy Flight Exhibition Team was reorganized and commissioned the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron.[56][57] The Blues mission was extra on Navy recruiting.

In 1974, the Blue Angels transitioned to the new Douglas A-4F Skyhawk II. Navy Commander Anthony Less became the squadron's first "commanding officer" and "flight chief". A permanent flight surgeon position and administration officer was added to the team.[56][57] The squadron's mission was redefined by Less to further enhance the recruiting effort.

Beginning in 1975, "Bert" was used for Jet Assisted Take Off (JATO) and brief aerial demonstrations just prior to the principle event at selected venues, however the JATO demonstration ended in 2009 as a result of dwindling supplies of rockets.[58] "Fat Albert Airlines" flies with an all-Marine crew of three officers and 5 enlisted personnel.

1980-1989[edit]

In 1986, LCDR Donnie Cochran, joined the Blue Angels as the first African-American Naval Aviator to be chosen.[59][60] He served for two extra years with the squadron flying the left wing-man position within the No. 3 A-4F fighter, and returned to command the Blue Angels in 1995 and 1996.[61]

On 8 November 1986, the Blue Angels completed their 40th anniversary 12 months during ceremonies unveiling what could be their aircraft by way of their 75th anniversary year, the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet. The ability and aerodynamics of the Hornet allows them to carry out a sluggish, high angle of assault "tail sitting" maneuver, and to fly a "soiled" (touchdown gear down) formation loop.[62][63]

1990-1999[edit]

Today is a very special and memorable day in your military career that may stay with you all through your lifetime. You've gotten survived the final word test of your friends and have proven to be utterly deserving to put on the crest of the U.S. Navy Blue Angels. The prestige of carrying the Blue Angels uniform carries with it an extraordinary honor - one that displays not solely on you as a person, but in your teammates and the entire squadron. To the crowds on the air exhibits and to the public at hospitals and faculties nationwide, you're a logo of the Navy and Marine Corps' most interesting. You convey pride, hope and a promise for tomorrow's Navy and Marine Corps in the smiles and handshakes of today's youth. Remember at the moment because the day you became a Blue Angel; look round at your teammates and commit this particular bond to reminiscence. "Once a Blue Angel, always a Blue Angel," rings true for all those that wear the crest of the U.S. Navy Blue Angels. Welcome to the team.

The Blue Angels Creed, written by JO1 Cathy Konn 1991-1993[64]

In 1992, the Blue Angels deployed for a month-lengthy European tour, their first in 19 years, conducting reveals in Sweden, Finland, Russia (first foreign flight demonstration staff to carry out there), Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, the United Kingdom, and Spain.

In 1998, CDR Patrick Driscoll made the first "Blue Jet" touchdown on a "haze grey and underway" aircraft service, USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75).

On 8 October 1999, the Blue Angels misplaced two pilots. LCDR Kieron O'Connor and LT Kevin Colling had been returning from a practice flight earlier than an air present when their F/A-18B crashed in a wooded space of south Georgia.[65]

2000-2009[edit]

In 2000, the Navy was conducting investigations in regard and related to the lack of two Blue Angels pilots in October 1999. The pilots of the F/A-18 Hornet were not required to put on and do not put on g-fits.[quotation needed]

In 2006, the Blue Angels marked their 60th yr of performing.[66] On 30 October 2008, a spokesman for the team announced that the crew would full its last three performances of the year with 5 jets as an alternative of six. The change was as a result of one pilot and another officer in the organization had been removed from obligation for participating in an "inappropriate relationship". The Navy mentioned one of many individuals was a man and the other a girl, one a Marine and the other from the Navy, and that Rear Admiral Mark Guadagnini, chief of Naval air coaching, was reviewing the state of affairs.[67] At the next efficiency at Lackland Air Force Base following the announcement the No. Four or slot pilot, was absent from the formation. A spokesman for the staff wouldn't affirm the identification of the pilot faraway from the workforce.[68] On 6 November 2008, both officers had been found responsible at an admiral's mast on unspecified costs however the resulting punishment was not disclosed.[69] The names of the 2 members concerned have been later launched on the Pensacola News Journal web site/forum as pilot No. 4 USMC Maj. Clint Harris and the administrative officer, Navy Lt. Gretchen Doane.[70]

On 21 April 2007, pilot Kevin "Kojak" Davis was killed and eight individuals on the ground were injured when Davis lost management of the No. 6 jet and crashed attributable to G-drive-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) throughout an air present at the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort in Beaufort, South Carolina.[71]

The Fat Albert performed its last JATO demonstration on the 2009 Pensacola Homecoming present, expending their eight remaining JATO bottles. This demonstration not solely was the last JATO performance of the squadron, but in addition the final JATO use of the U.S. Marine Corps.[72]

In 2009, the Blue Angels have been inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum.[73]

2010-2019[edit]

On 22 May 2011, the Blue Angels had been performing on the Lynchburg Regional Airshow in Lynchburg, Virginia, when the Diamond formation flew the Barrel Roll Break maneuver at an altitude lower than the required minimal.[74] The maneuver was aborted, the remainder of the demonstration canceled and all aircraft landed safely. The following day, the Blue Angels introduced that they were initiating a safety stand-down, canceling their upcoming Naval Academy Airshow and returning to their home base in Pensacola, Florida, for extra training and airshow follow.[75] On 26 May, the Blue Angels introduced they would not be flying their conventional fly-over of the Naval Academy Graduation Ceremony and that they were canceling their 28-29 May 2011 performances at the Millville Wings and Wheels Airshow in Millville, New Jersey.

On 27 May 2011, the Blue Angels announced that Commander Dave Koss, the squadron's commanding officer, can be stepping down. He was changed by Captain Greg McWherter, the staff's earlier commanding officer.[76] The squadron canceled performances at the Rockford, Illinois Airfest 4-5 June and the Evansville, Indiana Freedom Festival Air Show 11-12 June to allow further observe and demonstration coaching beneath McWherter's management.[76]

On 29 July 2011, a new Blue Angels Mustang GT was auctioned off for $400,000 on the Experimental Aircraft Association AirVenture Oshkosh (Oshkosh Air Show) annual summer season gathering of aviation lovers from 25 to 31 July in Oshkosh, Wisconsin which had an attendance of 541,000 persons and 2,522 show planes.[77][78]

Between 2 and 4 September 2011 on Labor Day weekend, the Blue Angels flew for the first time with a fifty-fifty blend of typical JP-5 jet gasoline and a camelina-primarily based biofuel at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland.[79] McWherter flew an F/A-18 take a look at flight on 17 August and acknowledged there were no noticeable differences in performance from contained in the cockpit.[80][81]

On 1 March 2013, the U.S. Navy announced that it was cancelling remaining 2013 performances after 1 April 2013 as a result of sequestration funds constraints.[82][83] In October 2013, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, stating that "group and public outreach is a crucial Departmental exercise", introduced that the Blue Angels (along with the U.S. Air Force's Thunderbirds) would resume showing at air reveals starting in 2014, although the variety of flyovers will continue to be severely lowered.[84]

On 15 March 2014, the demonstration pilots numbered 1-7 wore gold flight suits to celebrate the workforce's "return to the skies" during their first air present of the season;[85] there were only three air exhibits in 2013.

In July 2014, Marine Corps C-130 pilot Capt. Katie Higgins, 27, grew to become the first female pilot to affix the Blue Angels, flying the support aircraft Fat Albert for the 2015 and 2016 show seasons.[86]

In July 2015, Cmdr. Bob Flynn became the Blue Angels' first executive officer.[87]

On 2 June 2016, Capt. Jeff Kuss, an Opposing Solo, died just after takeoff whereas performing the Split-S maneuver in his Hornet throughout a apply run for The good Tennessee Air Show in Smyrna, Tennessee. The Navy's investigation discovered that Capt. Kuss had carried out the maneuver too low while failing to retard the throttle out of afterburner, causing him to fall too fast and recuperate too low above the bottom. Capt. Kuss ejected, however his parachute was instantly engulfed in flames, inflicting him to fall to his death. Kuss' physique was recovered simply yards away from the crash site. The reason for dying was blunt power trauma to the pinnacle. The investigation additionally cited weather and pilot fatigue as further causes of the crash. In a strange twist, Captain Kuss' fatal crash occurred hours after the Blue Angels' fellow pilots in the United States Air Force Thunderbirds suffered a crash of their very own, following the United States Air Force Academy graduation ceremony earlier that day. Capt. Jeff Kuss was replaced by Cmdr. Frank Weisser to finish out the 2016 and 2017 seasons.[citation wanted]

In July 2016, Boeing was awarded a $12 million contract to begin an engineering proposal for changing the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet for Blue Angels use, with the proposal to be accomplished by September 2017.[88]

The Fat Albert (BUNO 164763) was retired from service in May 2019 with 30,000 flight hours. The Blue Angels replaced it with an Ex-RAF C-130J (BUNO 170000).[89]

2020-present[edit]

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United_States, the Blue Angels flew over multiple US cities as a tribute to healthcare and front line employees.[90]

The Blues formally transitioned to Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornets on 4 November 2020.[91][92]

In July 2022, Lt. Amanda Lee was announced as the primary girl to function a demonstration pilot in the Blue Angels.[20][93]

Aircraft timeline[edit]

The "Blues" have flown ten totally different demonstration aircraft and six support aircraft models:[53][94]

Grumman F6F-5 Hellcat: June - August 1946Grumman F8F-1 Bearcat: August 1946 - 1949Grumman F9F-2 Panther: 1949 - June 1950 (first jet); F9F-5 Panther: 1951 - Winter 1954/55Grumman F9F-eight Cougar: Winter 1954/fifty five - mid-season 1957 (swept-wing)Grumman F11F-1 (F-11) Tiger: mid-season 1957 - 1968 (first supersonic jet)McDonnell Douglas F-4J Phantom II: 1969 - December 1974Douglas A-4F Skyhawk: December 1974 - November 1986McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet (F/A-18B as #7): November 1986 - 2010[95]Boeing F/A-18A/C (B/D as #7) Hornet: 2010-2020[96][97]Boeing F/A-18E Super Hornet (F/A-18F as #7): 2020-[98]
JRB Expeditor (Beech 18): 1949-?Douglas R4D-6 Skytrain: 1949-1955Curtiss R5C Commando: 1953Douglas R5D Skymaster: 1956-1968Lockheed C-121 Super Constellation: 1969-1973Lockheed C-130 Hercules "Fat Albert": 1970-2019 (JATO utilization was stopped in 2009)[99]Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules "Fat Albert": 2020-present
North American SNJ Texan "Beetle Bomb" (used to simulate a Japanese A6M Zero aircraft in demonstrations through the late 1940s)Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star (Used in the course of the 1950s as a VIP transport aircraft for the workforce)Vought F7U Cutlass (two of the unusual F7Us were received in late 1952 and flown as a aspect demonstration through the 1953 season but they were not a part of their common formations which at the time used the F9F Panther. Pilots and floor crew discovered it unsatisfactory and a plan to make use of it because the crew's primary aircraft was canceled). Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet


Air present routine[edit]

The 2022 Blue Angels High Show Routine:

- Fat Albert (C-130) - high-performance takeoff (Low Transition)- Fat Albert - Parade Pass (The plane banks across the entrance of the gang.)- Fat Albert - Flat Pass- Fat Albert - Head on Pass- Fat Albert - Short-Field Assault Landing- FA-18 Engine Start-Up and Taxi Out- Diamond Takeoff - either a low transition with turn, a loop on takeoff, a Half Cuban Eight takeoff, or a Half Squirrel Cage- Solos Take Off - No. 5 Dirty Roll on Takeoff; No. 6 Low transition/Immelman- Diamond 360 - Aircraft 1-4 in their signature 18-inch wingtip-to-canopy diamond formation- Opposing Knife Edge Pass - 5 and 6- Diamond Roll - total diamond formation rolls as a single entity- Opposing Inverted to Inverted Rolls - 5 and 6- Diamond Aileron Roll - all four diamond jets perform simultaneous aileron rolls- Fortus - Solos flying in carrier touchdown configuration with No. 5 inverted, establishing a "mirror picture" effect- Diamond Dirty Loop - the diamond flies a loop with all four jets in carrier touchdown configuration- Minimum Radius Turn - highest G maneuver (No. 5 flies a "horizontal loop" pulling seven Gs to take care of a tight radius.)- Double Farvel - diamond formation flat cross with No. 1 and No. 4 inverted- Opposing Minimum Radius Turn- Echelon Parade- Opposing Horizontal Rolls- Changeover Roll - a left Echelon barrel roll where the echelon formation adjustments over to diamond formation after 90° off bank.- Sneak Pass - the fastest velocity of the show, just below Mach 1 (about 700 mph at sea stage)- Line-Abreast Loop - probably the most difficult formation maneuver to do nicely (No. 5 joins the diamond as the 5 jets fly a loop in a straight line.)- Opposing Four Point Hesitation Roll- Vertical Break- Opposing Vertical Pitch- Barrel Roll Break- Tuck Over Roll- Low Break Cross- Section High-Alpha Pass: (tail sitting), the present's slowest maneuver[100][101]- Diamond Burner 270- Delta Roll- Fleur de Lis- Solos Pass to Rejoin, Diamond flies a loop- Loop Break Cross - Delta Break (After the break the aircraft separate in six different directions, carry out half Cuban Eights then cross in the center of the performance space.)- Delta Breakout- Delta Pitch Up Carrier Break to Land
Commanding officers[edit]

Notable Commanding Officers embrace;

Roy Marlin Voris - 1946, 1952- John J. Magda - 1950, Killed in Action March 1951, Korean War[102]Arthur Ray Hawkins - 1952 to 1953[103]- Richard Cormier - 1954 to 1956[104]Edward B. Holley - 1957 to 1958Zebulon V. Knott - 1959 to 1961[105]Kenneth R. Wallace - 1962 to 1963[106]Robert F. Aumack - 1964 to 1966[107]William V. Wheat - 1967 to 1969[108]Harley H. Hall - 1970 to 1971Don Bently - 1972Marvin F. "Skip" Umstead - 1973[109]Anthony A. Less - Oct 1973 to Jan 1976Keith S. Jones - 1976 to 1978[110]William E. Newman - 1978 to 1979[111]Hugh D. Wisely - Dec 1979 to 1982[112]David Carroll - 1982 to 1983Larry Pearson - 1983 to 1985[113]Gilman E. Rud - Nov 1985 to Nov 1988[114]Gregory Wooldridge - 1990 to 1992, 1996[115]- Robert E. Stumpf - 1993 to 1994[116]Donnie Cochran - Nov 1994 to May 1996George B. Dom - Nov 1996 to Oct 1998[117]Patrick Driscoll - Oct 1998 to 2000[118]
- Robert Field - 2000 to Sept 2002- Russell J. Bartlett - Sept 2002 to Sept 2004[119]- Stephen R. Foley - Sept 2004 to Nov 2006[120]- Kevin Mannix - Nov 2006 to 2008[121]- Gregory McWherter 2008 to 2010, 2011[122]- David Koss - Fall 2010 to spring of 2011- Gregory McWherter - 2011 to 2012- Thomas Frosch - 2012 to 2015[123]- Ryan Bernacchi - 2015 to 2017[124]- Eric D. Doyle - 2017 to 2019- Brian C. Kesselring - 2019 to 2022- Alexander P. Armatas - 2022 to present
Notable members[edit]

Below are a number of the extra notable members of the Blue Angels squadron:

Capt Roy "Butch" Voris, World War II fighter ace and first Flight LeaderCharles "Chuck" Brady Jr., Astronaut and physicianDonnie Cochran, First African-American Blue Angels aviator and commanderEdward L. Feightner, World War II fighter ace and Lead SoloArthur Ray Hawkins, World War II flying aceBob Hoover, World War II fighter pilot and flight instructor, honorary Blue Angel memberAnthony A. Less, First Commanding Officer of Blue Angels squadron, numerous different commands together with Naval Air Forces Atlantic FleetRobert L. Rasmussen, aviation artistRaleigh Rhodes, World War II and Korean War fighter pilot and third Flight Leader of the Blue Angels[125]Patrick M. Walsh, Left Wingman and Slot Pilot who later commanded the U.S. Pacific Fleet and grew to become Vice Chief of Naval Operations and a White House FellowKatie Higgins Cook First feminine Blue Angels pilotAmanda Lee First female Blue Angels demonstration pilot
Team accidents and deaths[edit]

A complete of 20 Blue Angels pilots and one crew member have died whereas assigned to the flight group.[126][127] Four other pilots died in combat motion after their service with the Blue Angels.[126]

Deaths[edit]

- Lt. Ross "Robby" Robinson - 29 September 1946: killed during a efficiency when a wingtip broke off his F8F-1 Bearcat, sending him into an unrecoverable spin.- Lt. Bud Wood - 7 July 1952: killed when his F9F-5 Panther collided with another Panther jet throughout a demonstration in Corpus Christi, Texas.[128] The team resumed performances two weeks later.- Cmdr. Robert Nicholls Glasgow - 14 October 1958: died throughout an orientation flight simply days after reporting for responsibility as the new Blue Angels leader.[129]- Lt. Anton M. Campanella (#three Left Wing) - 14 June 1960: killed flying a Grumman F-11A Tiger that crashed into the water near Fort Morgan, Alabama throughout a take a look at flight.[128]- Lt. George L. Neale - 15 March 1964: killed during an attempted emergency landing at Apalach Airport near Apalachicola, Florida. Lt. Neale's F-11A Tiger had experienced mechanical difficulties during a flight from West Palm Beach, to Naval Air Station Pensacola, causing him to attempt the emergency landing. Failing to achieve the airport, he ejected from the aircraft on remaining method, but his parachute didn't have enough time to totally deploy.[130]- Lt. Cmdr. Dick Oliver - 2 September 1966: crashed his F-11A Tiger and was killed on the Canadian International Air Show in Toronto.- Lt Frank Gallagher - 1 February 1967: killed when his F-11A Tiger stalled during a apply Half Cuban Eight maneuver and spun into the bottom.- Capt. Ronald Thompson - 18 February 1967: killed when his F-11A Tiger struck the ground throughout a observe formation loop.- Lt. Bill Worley (Opposing Solo) - 14 January 1968: killed when his Tiger crashed throughout a observe double Immelmann.- Lt. Larry Watters - 14 February 1972: killed when his F-4J Phantom II struck the bottom, upright, whereas training inverted flight, throughout winter coaching at NAF El Centro.- Lt. Cmdr. Skip Umstead (Team Leader), Capt. Mike Murphy, and ADJ1 Ron Thomas (Crew Chief) - 26 July 1973: all three have been killed in a mid-air collision between two Phantoms over Lakehurst, New Jersey, throughout an arrival follow. The rest of the season was cancelled after this incident.- Lt. Nile Kraft (Opposing Solo) - 22 February 1977: killed when his Skyhawk struck the bottom during practice.- Lt. Michael Curtin - 8 November 1978: one of many solo Skyhawks struck the ground after low roll throughout arrival maneuvers at Naval Air Station Miramar, and Curtin was killed.- Lt. Cmdr. Stu Powrie (Lead Solo) - 22 February 1982: killed when his Skyhawk struck the ground during winter coaching at Naval Air Facility El Centro, California, just after a soiled loop.- Lt. Cmdr. Mike Gershon (Opposing Solo #6) - thirteen July 1985: his Skyhawk collided with Lt. Andy Caputi (Lead Solo #5) during a present at Niagara Falls, Gershon was killed and Caputi ejected and parachuted to security.[131]- Lt. Cmdr. Kieron O'Connor and Lt. Kevin Colling - 28 October 1999: flying within the again seat and entrance seat of a Hornet, each had been killed after putting the bottom throughout circle and arrival maneuvers in Valdosta, Georgia.[132]- Lt. Cmdr. Kevin J. Davis - 21 April 2007: crashed his Hornet close to the top of the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort airshow in Beaufort, South Carolina, and was killed.[133]- Capt. Jeff Kuss (Opposing Solo, #6) - 2 June 2016: died simply after takeoff while performing the Split-S maneuver in his F/A-18 Hornet during a follow run for The nice Tennessee Air Show in Smyrna, Tennessee.
Other incidents[edit]

- Lt. John R. Dewenter - 2 August 1958: landed wheels up at Buffalo Niagara International Airport after experiencing engine troubles throughout a show in Clarence, New York. The Grumman F-eleven Tiger landed on Runway 23, but exited airport property, coming to relaxation in the intersection of Genesee Street and Dick Road, nearly hitting a filling station. Lt. Dewenter was uninjured, however the plane was a total loss.- Lt. Ernie Christensen - 30 August 1970: stomach-landed his F-4J Phantom on the Eastern Iowa Airport in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, after he inadvertently left the touchdown gear in the up position.[134] He ejected safely, while the aircraft slid off the runway.- Cmdr. Harley Hall - four June 1971: safely ejected after his F-4J Phantom jet caught fireplace during follow over NAS Quonset Point in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, and crashed in Narragansett Bay.[135]- Capt. John Fogg, Lt. Marlin Wiita, and Lt. Cmdr. Don Bentley - 8 March 1973: all three survived a multi-aircraft mid-air collision during follow over Superstition Mountain, near El Centro, California.- Lt. Jim Ross (Lead Solo) - April 1980: unhurt when his Skyhawk suffered a fuel line fire throughout a show at Roosevelt Roads Naval Station, Puerto Rico. Lt. Ross stayed with the plane and landed, leaving the tip of the runway and rolling into the woods after a total hydraulic failure upon touchdown.- Lt. Dave Anderson (Lead Solo) - 12 February 1987: ejected from his Hornet after a twin engine flame-out during apply close to El Centro, California.- Marine Corps Maj. Charles Moseley and Cmdr. Pat Moneymaker - 23 January 1990: their Blue Angel Hornets suffered a mid-air collision throughout a follow at El Centro. Moseley ejected safely and Moneymaker was able to land his airplane, which then required a whole proper wing substitute.[136]- Lt. Ted Steelman - 1 December 2004: ejected from his F/A-18 roughly one mile off Perdido Key after his aircraft struck the water, suffering catastrophic engine and structural harm. He suffered minor accidents.[137]
Combat casualties[edit]

Four former Blue Angels pilots have been killed in action or died after being captured, all having been downed by anti-aircraft fireplace.[138]

Korean War[edit]

- Commander John Magda - 8 March 1951: Blue Angels (1949, 1950; Commander/Flight Leader 1950): Magda was killed after his F9F-2B Panther was hit by anti aircraft fireplace while leading a low-level strike mission against North Korean and Chinese communist positions at Tanchon which earned him the Navy Cross during the Korean War.[139] He additionally was a fighter ace in World War II.
Vietnam War[edit]

- Commander Herbert P. Hunter - 19 July 1967: Blue Angels (1957-1959; Lead Solo pilot): Hunter was hit by anti-aircraft fireplace in North Vietnam and crashed in his F-8E Crusader through the Vietnam conflict.[140][141] He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross posthumously for actions on 16 July 1967. He also was a Korean War veteran.- Captain Clarence O. Tolbert - 6 November 1972: Blue Angels (1968): Tolbert was flying a Corsair II (A-7B) during a mission in North Vietnam and was hit by anti-aircraft fireplace, crashed, and died throughout his second tour in the Vietnam warfare. He was awarded the Silver Star and Distinguished Flying Cross for his service.[142]- Captain Harley H. Hall - 27 January 1973: Blue Angels (1970-1971; Commander/Team Leader 1971): Hall and his co-pilot have been shot down by anti-aircraft fireplace in South Vietnam flying their F-4J Phantom II on the last day of the Vietnam War, and so they each were officially listed as prisoners of struggle. In 1980, Hall was presumed to have died whereas captured.[143][144][145] His stays were identified on 6 September 1994.[146]
In the media[edit]

The Blue Angels was a dramatic tv sequence, starring Dennis Cross and Don Gordon, inspired by the team's exploits and filmed with the cooperation of the Navy. It aired in syndication from 26 September 1960 to three July 1961.[147]Threshold: The Blue Angels Experience is a 1975 documentary movie, written by Dune creator Frank Herbert, featuring the workforce in practice and performance during their F-4J Phantom period; most of the aerial photography methods pioneered in Threshold were later used in the movie Top Gun.[148]To Fly!, a brief IMAX movie featured on the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum since its 1976 opening options footage from a digital camera on a Blue Angels A4 Skyhawk tail as the pilot performs in a show.[149]- In 2005, the invention Channel aired a documentary miniseries, Blue Angels: A Year in the Life, specializing in the intricate day-to-day particulars of that yr's coaching and performance schedule.[150][151]- In 2009, MythBusters enlisted the aid of Blue Angels to help take a look at the myth that a sonic boom could shatter glass.[152]Blue Angels and the Thunderbirds is a 4-disc SkyTrax DVD set 2012 Topics Entertainment, Inc. It options highlights from airshows performed in the United States shot from inside and outdoors the cockpit together with interviews of squadron aviators, plus aerial fight footage taken throughout Desert Storm, histories of the 2 flying squadrons from 1947 through 2008 including on-display screen notes on changes in Congressional budgeting and research program funding, picture gallery slideshow, and two "forward-trying" sequences Into the twenty first Century detailing developments of the F/A-18 Hornet's C and E and F models (10 min.) and footage of the F-22 with commentary (20 min.).
See additionally[edit]

List of United States Navy aircraft squadronsUnited States Air Force ThunderbirdsUnited States Marine Corps Aviation
References[edit]

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